Charles Strickland - The protagonist of the story is based on the painter Paul Gauguin. He is a stockbroker who abandons his family and career to pursue his passion for painting.

Narrator - An unnamed narrator who tells the story of Strickland's life. He is a writer and provides an account of Strickland's transformation and the impact it has on those around him.

Amy Strickland - Strickland's wife, who is left behind when he decides to leave his family to become an artist. She is portrayed as a conventional and dutiful wife who is devastated by her husband's abandonment.

Dirk Stroeve - A kind-hearted but mediocre Dutch painter who admires Strickland's talent and tries to help him. Despite Strickland's harsh treatment of him, Stroeve remains loyal.

Blanche Stroeve - Dirk Stroeve's wife, who falls in love with Strickland. Her relationship with Strickland leads to tragic consequences.

Captain Nichols - A seafaring friend of the narrator who provides information about Strickland's later years in Tahiti.

Ata - A Tahitian woman who becomes Strickland's companion during his final years in Tahiti. She is devoted to him and supports him as he pursues his artistic vision.