Born into a struggling middle-class family, Shaw experienced firsthand the rigid class distinctions of his time.

Social Class and Mobility
Pygmalion critiques rigid class distinctions by showing how Eliza can be accepted in upper-class society through proper speech and manners, despite her lower-class origins. The play breaks down the framework of social class and questions the validity of judging people's worth based on appearances and accents. Eliza's transformation compels us to consider the inequalities and obstacles to upward mobility in society.

Identity and Transformation
The play explores the malleability of identity and the profound influence of environment and education on character. Eliza's metamorphosis is both physical and psychological, challenging us to question the power of external forces in shaping identity. Shaw also encourages reflection on the complex relationship between appearance and identity, and the facades we present to the world.

Femininity and Gender Roles
Pygmalion serves as a platform to challenge traditional notions of femininity and gender roles. Eliza's journey defies societal expectations and highlights the inherent strength within every individual, regardless of gender norms. The play invites audiences to reconsider the evolving roles of women in society.

Through these themes, Shaw offers social commentary on class, language, identity and gender, using the story of Eliza's transformation as a vehicle to critique the prevailing attitudes of his time. The play remains relevant for its exploration of issues that transcend its original setting.

Shaw's play was recognized for its insightful critique of the British class system and its exploration of themes like identity, transformation, and the arbitrary nature of social distinctions.

While generally well-received, "Pygmalion" did spark some controversy. Some critics and audience members were uncomfortable with Shaw's portrayal of social issues and his critique of the class system. Additionally, the play's ending was a subject of debate, as it diverged from traditional romantic resolutions and left Eliza's future ambiguous.

The play's enduring themes and memorable characters have kept it in the public consciousness for over a century.

In summary, "Pygmalion" was widely perceived as a brilliant, thought-provoking play that combined humor with incisive social critique. It enjoyed both critical and popular success, despite sparking some controversy with its bold themes and unconventional ending.